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-<head>
-<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
-<title>The Shell</title>
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-<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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-<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
-cellspacing="0">
-<tr>
-<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
-</tr>
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-<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="booting-dual.html"
-accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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-<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="CHAPTER">
-<h1><a id="SHELL" name="SHELL"></a>Chapter 8 The Shell</h1>
-
-<div class="TOC">
-<dl>
-<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
-
-<dt>8.1 <a href="shell.html#SHELL-USERS">Users</a></dt>
-
-<dt>8.2 <a href="shell-command-line.html">The Command Line</a></dt>
-
-<dt>8.3 <a href="shell-bash.html">The Bourne Again Shell (bash)</a></dt>
-
-<dt>8.4 <a href="shell-vt.html">Virtual Terminals</a></dt>
-</dl>
-</div>
-
-<p>In a graphical environment, the interface is provided by a program that creates
-windows, scrollbars, menus, etc. In a commandline environment, the user interface is
-provided by a shell, which interprets commands and generally makes things useable.
-Immediately after logging in (which is covered in this chapter), users are put into a
-shell and allowed to go about their business. This chapter serves as an introduction to
-the shell, and to the most common shell among Linux users-- the Bourne Again Shell
-(bash). For more detailed information on anything in this chapter, check out the <tt
-class="COMMAND">bash</tt>(1) man page.</p>
-
-<div class="SECT1">
-<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="SHELL-USERS" name="SHELL-USERS">8.1 Users</a></h1>
-
-<div class="SECT2">
-<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN2678" name="AEN2678">8.1.1 Logging In</a></h2>
-
-<p>So you've booted, and you're looking at something that looks like this:</p>
-
-<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
-<tr>
-<td>
-<pre class="SCREEN">
-Welcome to Linux 2.4.18
-Last login: Wed Jan 1 15:59:14 -0500 2005 on tty6.
-darkstar login:
-</pre>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-<p>Hmm.. nobody said anything about a login. And what's a darkstar? Don't worry; you
-probably didn't accidentally fire up a hyperspace comm-link to the Empire's artificial
-moon. (I'm afraid the hyperspace comm-link protocol isn't currently supported by the
-Linux kernel. Maybe the 2.8 kernel branch will at last provide this oft looked-for
-support.) No, darkstar is just the name of one of our computers, and its name gets
-stamped on as the default. If you specified a name for your computer during setup, you
-should see it instead of darkstar.</p>
-
-<p>As for the login... If this is your first time, you'll want to log in as <tt
-class="USERNAME">root</tt>. You'll be prompted for a password; if you set one during the
-setup process, that's what it's looking for. If not, just hit enter. That's it-- you're
-in!</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="SECT2">
-<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN2693" name="AEN2693">8.1.2 Root: The Superuser</a></h2>
-
-<p>Okay, who or <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">what</i></span> is <tt
-class="USERNAME">root</tt>? And what's it doing with an account on <span
-class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">your</i></span> system?</p>
-
-<p>Well, in the world of Unix and similar operating systems (like Linux), there are users
-and then there are users. We'll go into this in more detail later, but the important
-thing to know now is that <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> is the user above all users; <tt
-class="USERNAME">root</tt> is all-powerful and all-knowing, and <span class="emphasis"><i
-class="EMPHASIS">nobody</i></span> disobeys <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>. It just isn't
-allowed. <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> is what we call a &#8220;superuser&#8221;, and
-rightly so. And best of all, <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> is <span class="emphasis"><i
-class="EMPHASIS">you</i></span>.</p>
-
-<p>Cool, huh?</p>
-
-<p>If you're not sure: yes, that's very cool. The catch is, though, that root is
-inherently allowed to break anything it so desires. You might want to skip ahead to <a
-href="essential-sysadmin.html#ESSENTIAL-SYSADMIN-USERS-SCRIPTS">Section 12.1.1</a> and
-see about adding a user; then login as that user and work from there. The traditional
-wisdom is that it's best to only become the superuser when absolutely necessary, so as to
-minimize the possibility of accidentally breaking something.</p>
-
-<p>By the way, if you decide you want to be root while you're logged in as someone else,
-no problem. Just use the <tt class="COMMAND">su</tt>(1) command. You'll be asked for <tt
-class="USERNAME">root's</tt> password and then it will make you <tt
-class="USERNAME">root</tt> until you <tt class="COMMAND">exit</tt> or <tt
-class="COMMAND">logout</tt>. You can also become any other user using <tt
-class="COMMAND">su</tt>, provided you know that user's password: <tt class="COMMAND">su
-logan</tt>, for instance, would make you me.</p>
-
-<div class="NOTE">
-<table class="NOTE" width="100%" border="0">
-<tr>
-<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src="./imagelib/admon/note.png"
-hspace="5" alt="Note" /></td>
-<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
-<p><tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> is allowed to su to any user, without requiring their
-password.</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="NAVFOOTER">
-<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
-<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
-cellspacing="0">
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-<tr>
-<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Dual Booting</td>
-<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
-<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">The Command Line</td>
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