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diff --git a/slackbook/html/glossary.html b/slackbook/html/glossary.html deleted file mode 100644 index efdb6323..00000000 --- a/slackbook/html/glossary.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,647 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> -<head> -<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> -<title>Glossary</title> -<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /> -<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" /> -<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Booting ZipSlack" href="zipslack-booting.html" /> -<link rel="NEXT" title="The GNU General Public License" href="gpl.html" /> -<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> -</head> -<body class="GLOSSARY" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" -alink="#0000FF"> -<div class="NAVHEADER"> -<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" -cellspacing="0"> -<tr> -<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="zipslack-booting.html" -accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> -<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom"></td> -<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="gpl.html" -accesskey="N">Next</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> -</div> - -<div class="GLOSSARY"> -<h1><a id="GLOSSARY" name="GLOSSARY"></a>Glossary</h1> - -<dl> -<dt><b>Account</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>All of the information about a user, including username, password, finger information, -UID and GID, and home directory. To create an account is to add and define a user.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Background</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Any process that is running without accepting or controlling the input of a terminal -is said to be running in the background.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Boot disk</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A floppy disk containing an operating system (in our case, the Linux kernel) from -which a computer can be started.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Compile</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>To convert source code to machine-readable “binary” code.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Daemon</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A program designed to run in the background and, without user intervention, perform a -specific task (usually providing a service).</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Darkstar</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The default hostname in Slackware; your computer will be called darkstar if you do not -specify some other name.</p> - -<p>One of Patrick Volkerding's development machines, named after “Dark Star”, -a song by the Grateful Dead.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Desktop Environment</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A graphical user interface (GUI) that runs atop the X Window System and provides such -features as integrated applications, cohesive look-and-feel between programs and -components, file and window management capabilities, etc. A step beyond the simple window -manager.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Device driver</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A chunk of code in the kernel that directly controls a piece of hardware.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Device node</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A special type of file in the <tt class="FILENAME">/dev</tt> filesystem that -represents a hardware component to the operating system.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>DNS</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Domain Name Service. A system in which networked computers are given names which -translate to numerical addresses.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Domain name</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A computer's DNS name, excluding its host name.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Dot file</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>In Linux, files which are to be hidden have filenames beginning with a dot ('.').</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Dotted quad</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The format of IP addresses, so called because it consists of four numbers (range 0-255 -decimal) separated by periods.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Dynamic loader</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>When programs are compiled under Linux, they usually use pieces of code (functions) -from external libraries. When such programs are run, those libraries must be found and -the required functions loaded into memory. This is the job of the dynamic loader.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Environment variable</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A variable set in the user's shell which can be referenced by that user or programs -run by that user within that shell. Environment variables are generally used to store -preferences and default parameters.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Epoch</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A period of history; in Unix, “The Epoch” begins at 00:00:00 UTC January -1, 1970. This is considered the “dawn of time” by Unix and Unix-like -operating systems, and all other time is calculated relative to this date.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Filesystem</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A representation of stored data in which “files” of data are kept -organized in “directories”. The filesystem is the nearly universal form of -representation for data stored to disks (both fixed and removable).</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Foreground</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A program that is accepting or controlling a terminal's input is said to be running in -the foreground.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Framebuffer</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A type of graphics device; in Linux, this most often refers to the software -framebuffer, which provides a standard framebuffer interface to programs while keeping -specific hardware drivers hidden from them. This layer of abstraction frees programs of -the need to speak to various hardware drivers.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>FTP</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The File Transfer Protocol. FTP is a very popular method of transferring data between -computers.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Gateway</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A computer through which data on a network is transferred to another network.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>GID</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Group Identifier. The GID is a unique number attributed to a group of users.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Group</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Users in Unix belong to “groups”, which can contain many other users and -are used for more general access control than the existence of users alone can easily -allow.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>GUI</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Graphical User Interface. A software interface that uses rendered graphical elements -such as buttons, scrollbars, windows, etc. rather than solely text-based input and -output</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Home directory</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A user's “home directory” is the directory the user is placed in -immediately upon logging in. Users have full permissions and more or less free reign -within their home directories.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>HOWTO</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A document describing “how to” do something, such as configure a firewall -or manage users and groups. There is a large collection of these documents available from -the Linux Documentation Project.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>HTTP</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The Hypertext Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the primary protocol on which the World Wide -Web operates.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>ICMP</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Internet Control Message Protocol. A very basic networking protocol, used mostly for -pings.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Kernel</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The heart of an operating system. The kernel is the part that provides basic process -control and interfaces with the computer's hardware.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Kernel module</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A piece of kernel code, usually a driver of some sort, that can be loaded and unloaded -from memory separately from the main body of the kernel. Modules are handy when upgrading -drivers or testing kernel settings, because they can be loaded and unloaded without -rebooting.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Library</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A collection of functions which can be shared between programs.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>LILO</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The LInux LOader. LILO is the most widely-used Linux boot manager.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>LOADLIN</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>LOADLIN is a program that runs under MS DOS or Windows and boots a Linux system. It is -most commonly used on computers with multiple operating systems (including Linux and -DOS/Windows, of course).</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Man section</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Pages in the standard Unix online manual ("man") are grouped into sections for easy -reference. All C programming pages are in section 3, system administration pages in -section 5, etc.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>MBR</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The Master Boot Record. A reserved space on a hard drive where information on what to -do when booting is stored. LILO or other boot managers can be written here.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Motif</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A popular programming toolkit used in many older X programs.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>MOTD</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Message of the Day. The motd (stored in Linux in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/motd</tt> -is a text file that is displayed to all users upon logging in. Traditionally, it is used -by the system administrator as a sort of “bulletin board” for communicating -with users.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Mount point</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>An empty directory in a filesystem where another filesystem is to be -“mounted”, or grafted on.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Nameserver</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A DNS information server. Nameservers translate DNS names to numerical IP -addresses.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Network interface</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A virtual representation of a network device provided by the kernel. Network -interfaces allow users and programs to talk to network devices.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>NFS</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The Network Filesystem. NFS allows the mounting of remote filesystems as if they were -local to your computer and thus provides a transparent method of file sharing.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Octal</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Base-8 number system, with digits 0-7.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Pager</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>An X program that allows the user to see and switch between multiple -“desktops”.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Partition</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A division of a hard drive. Filesystems exist on top of partitions.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>PPP</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Point-to-Point Protocol. PPP is used mainly for connecting via modem to an Internet -Service Provider.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Process</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A running program.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Root directory</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Represented as “/”, the root directory exists at the top of the -filesystem, with all other directories branching out beneath it in a “file -tree”.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Root disk</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The disk (usually fixed) on which the root directory is stored.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Routing table</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The set of information the kernel uses in “routing” network data around. -It contains such tidbits as where your default gateway is, which network interface is -connected to which network, etc.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Runlevel</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The overall system state as defined by init. Runlevel 6 is rebooting, runlevel 1 is -“single user mode”, runlevel 4 is an X login, etc. There are 6 available -runlevels on a Slackware system.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Secure shell</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>An encrypted (thus secure) method of logging in remotely to a computer. Many secure -shell programs are available; both a client and server are needed.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Service</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The sharing of information and/or data between programs and computers from a single -“server” to multiple “clients”. HTTP, FTP, NFS, etc. are -services.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Shadow password suite</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The shadow password suite allows encrypted passwords to be hidden from users, while -the rest of the information in the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/passwd</tt> file remains -visible to all. This helps prevent brute-force attempts at cracking passwords.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Shell</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Shells provide a commandline interface to the user. When you're looking at a text -prompt, you're in a shell.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Shell builtin</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A command built into the shell, as opposed to being provided by an external program. -For instance, <tt class="COMMAND">bash</tt> has a <tt class="COMMAND">cd</tt> -builtin.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Signal</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Unix programs can communicate between each other using simple “signals”, -which are enumerated and usually have specific meanings. <tt class="COMMAND">kill -l</tt> -will list the available signals.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>SLIP</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Serial Line Interface Protocol. SLIP is a similar protocol to PPP, in that it's used -for connecting two machines via a serial interface.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Software package</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A program and its associated files, archived and compressed into a single file along -with any necessary scripts or information to aid in managing the installation, upgrade, -and removal of those files.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Software series</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A collection of related software packages in Slackware. All KDE packages are in the -“kde” series, networking packages in the “n” series, etc.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Source code</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The (more or less) human-readable code in which most programs are written. Source code -is compiled into “binary” code.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Standard Error (stderr)</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The Unix-standard output stream for errors. Programs write any error messages on -stderr, so that they can be separated from normal output.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Standard Input (stdin)</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The Unix-standard input stream. Data can be redirected or piped into a program's stdin -from any source.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Standard Output (stdout)</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The Unix-standard output stream. Normal text output from a program is written to -stdout, which is separate from the error messages reported on stderr and can be piped or -redirected into other programs' stdin or to a file.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Subnet</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>An IP address range that is part of a larger range. For instance, 192.168.1.0 is a -subnet of 192.168.0.0 (where 0 is a mask meaning “undefined”); it is, in -fact, the “.1” subnet.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Superblock</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>In Linux, partitions are discussed in terms of blocks. A block is 512 bytes. The -superblock is the first 512 bytes of a partition.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Supplemental disk</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>In Slackware, a floppy disk used during installation that contains neither the kernel -(which is on the boot disk) nor the root filesystem (which is on the root disk), but -additional needed files such as network modules or PCMCIA support.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Suspended process</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A process which has been frozen until killed or resumed.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Swap space</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Disk space used by the kernel as “virtual” RAM. It is slower than RAM, but -because disk space is cheaper, swap is usually more plentiful. Swap space is useful to -the kernel for holding lesser-used data and as a fallback when physical RAM is -exhausted.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Symbolic link</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A special file that simply points to the location of another file. Symbolic links are -used to avoid data duplication when a file is needed in multiple locations.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Tagfile</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A file used by the Slackware <tt class="COMMAND">setup</tt> program during -installation, which describes a set of packages to be installed.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Terminal</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A human-computer interface consisting of at least a screen (or virtual screen) and -some method of input (almost always at least a keyboard).</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Toolkit, GUI</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A GUI toolkit is a collection of libraries that provide a programmer with code to draw -“widgets” such as scrollbars, checkboxes, etc. and construct a graphical -interface. The GUI toolkit used by a program often defines its “look and -feel”.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>UID</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>User Identifier. A unique number that identifies a user to the system. UIDs are used -by most programs instead of usernames because a number is easier to deal with; usernames -are generally only used when the user has to see things happen.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>VESA</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Video Electronics Standards Association. The term “VESA” is often used to -denote a standard specified by said Association. Nearly all modern video adapters are -VESA-compliant.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Virtual terminal</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The use of software to simulate multiple terminals while using only a single set of -input/output devices (keyboard, monitor, mouse). Special keystrokes switch between -virtual terminals at a single physical terminal.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Window manager</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>An X program whose purpose is to provide a graphical interface beyond the simple -rectangle-drawing of the X Window System. Window managers generally provide titlebars, -menus for running programs, etc.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Working directory</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The directory in which a program considers itself to be while running.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>Wrapper program</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>A program whose sole purpose is to run other programs, but change their behavior in -some way by altering their environments or filtering their input.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>X server</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>The program in the X Window System which interfaces with graphics hardware and handles -the actual running of X programs.</p> -</dd> - -<dt><b>X Window System</b></dt> - -<dd> -<p>Network-oriented graphical interface system used on most Unix-like operating systems, -including Linux.</p> -</dd> -</dl> -</div> - -<div class="NAVFOOTER"> -<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> -<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" -cellspacing="0"> -<tr> -<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="zipslack-booting.html" -accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> -<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html" -accesskey="H">Home</a></td> -<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="gpl.html" accesskey="N">Next</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Booting ZipSlack</td> -<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"> </td> -<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">The GNU General Public License</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -</body> -</html> - |