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diff --git a/slackbook/html/vi-modes.html b/slackbook/html/vi-modes.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..df838797 --- /dev/null +++ b/slackbook/html/vi-modes.html @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> +<title>Modes</title> +<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /> +<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" /> +<link rel="UP" title="Vi" href="vi.html" /> +<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Vi" href="vi.html" /> +<link rel="NEXT" title="Opening Files" href="vi-opening-files.html" /> +<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> +</head> +<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" +alink="#0000FF"> +<div class="NAVHEADER"> +<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="vi.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 16 Vi</td> +<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="vi-opening-files.html" +accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +</div> + +<div class="SECT1"> +<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="VI-MODES" name="VI-MODES">16.2 Modes</a></h1> + +<p><tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> operates in various modes, which are used to accomplish +various tasks. When you first start <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt>, you are placed into +command mode. From this point, you can issue various commands to manipulate text, move +around in the file, save, quit, and change modes. Editing the text is done in insert +mode. You can quickly move between modes with a variety of keystrokes, which are +explained below.</p> + +<div class="SECT2"> +<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="VI-MODES-COMMAND-MODE" name="VI-MODES-COMMAND-MODE">16.2.1 +Command Mode</a></h2> + +<p>You are first placed into command mode. From this mode, you cannot directly enter text +or edit what is already there. However, you can manipulate the text, search, quit, save, +load new files, and more. This is intended only to be an introduction to the command +mode. For a description of the various commands, see <a href="vi-keys.html">Section +16.7</a>.</p> + +<p>Probably the most often used command in command mode is changing to insert mode. This +is accomplished by hitting the <b class="KEYCAP">i</b> key. The cursor changes shapes, +and <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">-- INSERT --</i></span> is displayed at +the bottom of the screen (note that this does not happen in all clones of <tt +class="COMMAND">vi</tt>). From there, all your keystrokes are entered into the current +buffer and are displayed to the screen. To get back into command mode, hit the <b +class="KEYCAP">ESCAPE</b> key.</p> + +<p>Command mode is also where you move around in the file. On some systems, you can use +the arrow keys to move around. On other systems, you may need to use the more traditional +keys of “<b class="KEYCAP">hjkl</b>”. Here is a simple listing of how these +keys are used to move around:</p> + +<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN5604" name="AEN5604"></a> +<table border="0" frame="void" width="100%" class="CALSTABLE"> +<col width="25%" /> +<col width="75%" /> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td><b class="KEYCAP">h</b></td> +<td>move left one character</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><b class="KEYCAP">j</b></td> +<td>move down one character</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><b class="KEYCAP">k</b></td> +<td>move up one character</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><b class="KEYCAP">l</b></td> +<td>move right one character</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</div> + +<p>Simply press a key to move. As you will see later, these keys can be combined with a +number to move much more efficiently.</p> + +<p>Many of the commands that you will use in command mode begin with a colon. For +example, quitting is <b class="KEYCAP">:q</b>, as discussed earlier. The colon simply +indicates that it is a command, while the “<b class="KEYCAP">q</b>” tells <tt +class="COMMAND">vi</tt> to quit. Other commands are an optional number, followed by a +letter. These commands do not have a colon before them, and are generally used to +manipulate the text.</p> + +<p>For example, deleting one line from a file is accomplished by hitting <b +class="KEYCAP">dd</b>. This will remove the line that the cursor is on. Issuing the +command <b class="KEYCAP">4dd</b> would tell <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> to remove the +line that the cursor is on and the three after that. In general, the number tells <tt +class="COMMAND">vi</tt> how many times to perform the command.</p> + +<p>You can combine a number with the movement keys to move around several characters at a +time. For example, <b class="KEYCAP">10k</b> would move up ten lines on the screen.</p> + +<p>Command mode can also be used to cut and paste, insert text, and read other files into +the current buffer. Copying text is accomplished with the <b class="KEYCAP">y</b> key (<b +class="KEYCAP">y</b> stands for yank). Copying the current line is done by typing <b +class="KEYCAP">yy</b>, and this can be prefixed with a number to yank more lines. Then, +move to the location for the copy and hit <b class="KEYCAP">p</b>. The text is pasted on +the line after the current one.</p> + +<p>Cutting text is done by typing <b class="KEYCAP">dd</b>, and <b class="KEYCAP">p</b> +can be used to paste the cut text back into the file. Reading in text from another file +is a simple procedure. Just type <b class="KEYCAP">:r</b>, followed by a space and the +file name that contains the text to be inserted. The file's contents will be pasted into +the current buffer on the line after the cursor. More sophisticated <tt +class="COMMAND">vi</tt> clones even contain filename completion similar to the +shell's.</p> + +<p>The final use that will be covered is searching. Command mode allows for simple +searching, as well as complicated search-and-replace commands that make use of a powerful +version of regular expressions. A complete discussion of regular expressions is beyond +the scope of this chapter, so this section will only cover simple means of searching.</p> + +<p>A simple search is accomplished by hitting the <b class="KEYCAP">/</b> key, followed +by the text that you are searching for. <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> will search forward +from the cursor to the end of the file for a match, stopping when it finds one. Note that +inexact matches will cause <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> to stop as well. For example, a +search for “<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">the</i></span>” will +cause <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> to stop on “<span class="emphasis"><i +class="EMPHASIS">then</i></span>”, “<span class="emphasis"><i +class="EMPHASIS">therefore</i></span>”, and so on. This is because all of those +words do match “<span class="emphasis"><i +class="EMPHASIS">the</i></span>”.</p> + +<p>After <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> has found the first match, you can continue on to +the next match simply by hitting the <b class="KEYCAP">/</b> key followed by enter. You +can also search backwards through the file by replacing the slash with the <b +class="KEYCAP">?</b> key. For example, searching backwards through the file for +“<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">the</i></span>” would be +accomplished by typing <b class="KEYCAP">?the</b>.</p> +</div> + +<div class="SECT2"> +<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="VI-MODES-INSET-MODE" name="VI-MODES-INSET-MODE">16.2.2 Insert +Mode</a></h2> + +<p>Inserting and replacing text is accomplished in insert mode. As previously discussed, +you can get into insert mode by hitting <b class="KEYCAP">i</b> from command mode. Then, +all text that you type is entered into the current buffer. Hitting the <b +class="KEYCAP">ESCAPE</b> key takes you back into command mode.</p> + +<p>Replacing text is accomplished in several ways. From command mode, hitting <b +class="KEYCAP">r</b> will allow you to replace the one character underneath the cursor. +Just type the new character and it will replace the one under the cursor. You will then +be immediately placed back into command mode. Hitting <b class="KEYCAP">R</b> allows you +to replace as many characters as you'd like. To get out of this replacement mode, just +hit <b class="KEYCAP">ESCAPE</b> to go back into command mode.</p> + +<p>There is yet another way to toggle between insertion and replacement. Hitting the <b +class="KEYCAP">INSERT</b> key from command mode will take you into insert mode. Once you +are in insert mode, the keyboard's <b class="KEYCAP">INSERT</b> key serves as a toggle +between insert and replace. Hitting it once will allow you to replace. Hitting it once +more will once again allow you to insert text.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<div class="NAVFOOTER"> +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="vi.html" accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html" +accesskey="H">Home</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="vi-opening-files.html" +accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Vi</td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="vi.html" accesskey="U">Up</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Opening Files</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +</body> +</html> + |