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diff --git a/slackbook/html/process-control-kill.html b/slackbook/html/process-control-kill.html deleted file mode 100644 index 32292651..00000000 --- a/slackbook/html/process-control-kill.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> -<head> -<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> -<title>kill</title> -<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /> -<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" /> -<link rel="UP" title="Process Control" href="process-control.html" /> -<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="ps" href="process-control-ps.html" /> -<link rel="NEXT" title="top" href="process-control-top.html" /> -<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> -</head> -<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" -alink="#0000FF"> -<div class="NAVHEADER"> -<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" -cellspacing="0"> -<tr> -<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="process-control-ps.html" -accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> -<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 11 Process Control</td> -<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="process-control-top.html" -accesskey="N">Next</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> -</div> - -<div class="SECT1"> -<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="PROCESS-CONTROL-KILL" name="PROCESS-CONTROL-KILL">11.4 <tt -class="COMMAND">kill</tt></a></h1> - -<p>On occasion, programs misbehave and you'll need to put them back in line. The program -for this kind of administration is called <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt>(1), and it can be -used for manipulating processes in several ways. The most obvious use of <tt -class="COMMAND">kill</tt> is to kill off a process. You'll need to do this if a program -has run away and is using up lots of system resources, or if you're just sick of it -running.</p> - -<p>In order to kill off a process, you'll need to know its PID or its name. To get the -PID, use the <tt class="COMMAND">ps</tt> command as was discussed in the last section. -For example, to kill off process 4747, you'd issue the following:</p> - -<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> -<tr> -<td> -<pre class="SCREEN"> -<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">kill 4747</kbd> -</pre> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>Note that you'll have to be the owner of the process in order to kill it. This is a -security feature. If you were allowed to kill off processes started by other users, it -would be possible to do all sorts of malicious things. Of course, <tt -class="USERNAME">root</tt> can kill off any process on the system.</p> - -<p>There's another variety of the <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt> command called <tt -class="COMMAND">killall</tt>(1). This program does exactly what it says: it kills all the -running processes that have a certain name. If you wanted to kill off all the running <tt -class="COMMAND">vim</tt> processes, you could type the following command:</p> - -<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> -<tr> -<td> -<pre class="SCREEN"> -<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">killall vim</kbd> -</pre> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>Any and all <tt class="COMMAND">vim</tt> processes you have running will die off. -Doing this as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> would kill off all the <tt -class="COMMAND">vim</tt> processes running for all users. This brings up an interesting -way to kick everyone (including yourself) off the system:</p> - -<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> -<tr> -<td> -<pre class="SCREEN"> -<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">killall bash</kbd> -</pre> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>Sometimes a regular kill doesn't get the job done. Certain processes will not die with -a kill. You'll need to use a more potent form. If that pesky PID 4747 wasn't responding -to your kill request, you could do the following:</p> - -<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> -<tr> -<td> -<pre class="SCREEN"> -<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">kill -9 4747</kbd> -</pre> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>That will almost certainly cause process 4747 to die. You can do the same thing with -<tt class="COMMAND">killall</tt>. What this is doing is sending a different signal to the -process. A regular <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt> sends a <var -class="LITERAL">SIGTERM</var> (terminate) signal to the process, which tells it to finish -what it's doing, clean up, and exit. <tt class="COMMAND">kill -9</tt> sends a <var -class="LITERAL">SIGKILL</var> (kill) signal to the process, which essentially drops it. -The process is not allowed to clean-up, and sometimes bad things like data corruption -could occur by killing something with a <var class="LITERAL">SIGKILL</var>. There's a -whole list of signals at your disposal. You can get a listing of signals by typing the -following:</p> - -<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> -<tr> -<td> -<pre class="SCREEN"> -<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">kill -l</kbd> - 1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL - 5) SIGTRAP 6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE - 9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1 11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 - 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM 17) SIGCHLD - 18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP 20) SIGTSTP 21) SIGTTIN - 22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG 24) SIGXCPU 25) SIGXFSZ - 26) SIGVTALRM 27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH 29) SIGIO - 30) SIGPWR -</pre> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>The number must be used for <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt>, while the name minus the -leading “SIG” can be used with <tt class="COMMAND">killall</tt>. Here's -another example:</p> - -<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> -<tr> -<td> -<pre class="SCREEN"> -<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">killall -KILL vim</kbd> -</pre> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>A final use of <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt> is to restart a process. Sending a <var -class="LITERAL">SIGHUP</var> will cause most processes to re-read their configuration -files. This is especially helpful for telling system processes to re-read their config -files after editing.</p> -</div> - -<div class="NAVFOOTER"> -<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> -<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" -cellspacing="0"> -<tr> -<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="process-control-ps.html" -accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> -<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html" -accesskey="H">Home</a></td> -<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="process-control-top.html" -accesskey="N">Next</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><tt class="COMMAND">ps</tt></td> -<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="process-control.html" -accesskey="U">Up</a></td> -<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><tt class="COMMAND">top</tt></td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -</body> -</html> - |