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diff --git a/slackbook/html/file-commands-pagers.html b/slackbook/html/file-commands-pagers.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..731c464b --- /dev/null +++ b/slackbook/html/file-commands-pagers.html @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> +<title>Pagers: more, less, and most</title> +<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /> +<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" /> +<link rel="UP" title="Handling Files and Directories" href="file-commands.html" /> +<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Handling Files and Directories" href="file-commands.html" /> +<link rel="NEXT" title="Simple Output: cat and echo" href="file-commands-output.html" /> +<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> +</head> +<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" +alink="#0000FF"> +<div class="NAVHEADER"> +<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="file-commands.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 10 Handling Files and +Directories</td> +<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="file-commands-output.html" +accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +</div> + +<div class="SECT1"> +<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILE-COMMANDS-PAGERS" name="FILE-COMMANDS-PAGERS">10.2 Pagers: +<tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>, <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt>, and <tt +class="COMMAND">most</tt></a></h1> + +<div class="SECT2"> +<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3491" name="AEN3491">10.2.1 <tt +class="COMMAND">more</tt></a></h2> + +<p><tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>(1) is what we call a pager utility. Oftentimes the +output of a particular command is too big to fit on one screen. The individual commands +do not know how to fit their output to separate screens. They leave this job to the pager +utility.</p> + +<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command breaks the output into individual screens +and waits for you to press the space bar before continuing on to the next screen. +Pressing the enter key will advance the output one line. Here is a good example:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/bin</kbd> +<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ls -l</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>That should scroll for a while. To break up the output screen by screen, just pipe it +through more:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ls -l | more</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>That is the pipe character (shift backslash). The pipe is short for saying take the +output of <tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt> and feed it into <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>. You +can pipe just about anything through the <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command, not just +<tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt>. Piping is also covered in <a +href="shell-command-line.html#SHELL-COMMAND-LINE-PIPING">Section 8.2.3</a>.</p> +</div> + +<div class="SECT2"> +<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3518" name="AEN3518">10.2.2 <tt +class="COMMAND">less</tt></a></h2> + +<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command is quite handy, but often you will find that +you have advanced past the screen you wanted. more does not provide a way to go back. The +<tt class="COMMAND">less</tt>(1) command provides this functionality. It is used in the +same way as the <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command, so the previous examples apply +here too. So, <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more than <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>. +Joost Kremers puts it this way:</p> + +<a id="AEN3530" name="AEN3530"></a> +<blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE"> +<p><tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more, but more <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> than <tt +class="COMMAND">more</tt> is, so <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> is less <tt +class="COMMAND">less</tt>, so use more <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> if you want less <tt +class="COMMAND">more</tt>.</p> +</blockquote> +</div> + +<div class="SECT2"> +<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3539" name="AEN3539">10.2.3 <tt +class="COMMAND">most</tt></a></h2> + +<p>Where <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> and <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> leave off, <tt +class="COMMAND">most</tt>(1) picks back up. If <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more than +<tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>, <tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> is more than <tt +class="COMMAND">less</tt>. Whereas the other pagers can only display one file at a time, +<tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> is capable of viewing any number of files, as long as each +file's window is at least 2 lines long. <tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> has a lot of +options, check the man page for full details.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<div class="NAVFOOTER"> +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="file-commands.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html" +accesskey="H">Home</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="file-commands-output.html" +accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Handling Files and Directories</td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="file-commands.html" +accesskey="U">Up</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Simple Output: <tt class="COMMAND">cat</tt> +and <tt class="COMMAND">echo</tt></td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +</body> +</html> + |