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+<title>Deletion: rm and rmdir</title>
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+<div class="SECT1">
+<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILE-COMMANDS-DELETION" name="FILE-COMMANDS-DELETION">10.6
+Deletion: <tt class="COMMAND">rm</tt> and <tt class="COMMAND">rmdir</tt></a></h1>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3733" name="AEN3733">10.6.1 <tt
+class="COMMAND">rm</tt></a></h2>
+
+<p><tt class="COMMAND">rm</tt>(1) removes files and directory trees. DOS users will
+notice the similarity to both the <tt class="COMMAND">del</tt> and <tt
+class="COMMAND">deltree</tt> commands. <tt class="COMMAND">rm</tt> can be very dangerous
+if you do not watch yourself. While it is sometimes possible to retrieve a recently
+deleted file, it can be complicated (and potentially costly) and is beyond the scope of
+this book.</p>
+
+<p>To remove a single file, specify its name when you run rm:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm file1</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>If the file has write permissions removed, you may get a permission denied error
+message. To force removal of the file no matter what, pass the <tt
+class="COMMAND">-f</tt> option, like this:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm -f file1</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>To remove an entire directory, you use the <var class="OPTION">-r</var> and <var
+class="OPTION">-f</var> options together. This is a good example of how to delete the
+entire contents of your hard drive. You really don't want to do this. But here's the
+command anyway:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rm -rf /</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Be very careful with <tt class="COMMAND">rm</tt>; you can shoot yourself in the foot.
+There are several command line options, which are discussed in detail in the online
+manual page.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3764" name="AEN3764">10.6.2 <tt
+class="COMMAND">rmdir</tt></a></h2>
+
+<p><tt class="COMMAND">rmdir</tt>(1) removes directories from the filesystem. The
+directory must be empty before it can be removed. The syntax is simply:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rmdir &lt;<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">directory</var>&gt;</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>This example will remove the <tt class="FILENAME">hejaz</tt> subdirectory in the
+current working directory:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rmdir hejaz</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>If that directory does not exist, <tt class="COMMAND">rmdir</tt> will tell you. You
+can also specify a full path to a directory to remove, as this example shows:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rmdir /tmp/hejaz</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>That example will try to remove the <tt class="FILENAME">hejaz</tt> directory inside
+the <tt class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt> directory.</p>
+
+<p>You can also remove a directory and all of its parent directories by passing the <var
+class="OPTION">-p</var> option.</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">rmdir -p /tmp/hejaz</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>This will first try to remove the <tt class="FILENAME">hejaz</tt> directory inside <tt
+class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt>. If that is successful, it will try to remove <tt
+class="FILENAME">/tmp</tt>. <tt class="COMMAND">rmdir</tt> will continue this until an
+error is encountered or the entire tree specified is removed.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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+class="COMMAND">ln</tt></td>
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