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diff --git a/misc/slackbook/html/filesystem-structure.html b/misc/slackbook/html/filesystem-structure.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..843c07c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/misc/slackbook/html/filesystem-structure.html @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> +<title>Filesystem Structure</title> +<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /> +<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" /> +<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Virtual Terminals" href="shell-vt.html" /> +<link rel="NEXT" title="Permissions" href="filesystem-structure-permissions.html" /> +<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> +</head> +<body class="CHAPTER" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" +alink="#0000FF"> +<div class="NAVHEADER"> +<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="shell-vt.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom"></td> +<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a +href="filesystem-structure-permissions.html" accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +</div> + +<div class="CHAPTER"> +<h1><a id="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE" name="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE"></a>Chapter 9 Filesystem +Structure</h1> + +<div class="TOC"> +<dl> +<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt> + +<dt>9.1 <a +href="filesystem-structure.html#FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-OWNERSHIP">Ownership</a></dt> + +<dt>9.2 <a href="filesystem-structure-permissions.html">Permissions</a></dt> + +<dt>9.3 <a href="filesystem-structure-links.html">Links</a></dt> + +<dt>9.4 <a href="filesystem-structure-mounting.html">Mounting Devices</a></dt> + +<dt>9.5 <a href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html">NFS Mounts</a></dt> +</dl> +</div> + +<p>We have already discussed the directory structure in Slackware Linux. By this point, +you should be able to find files and directories that you need. But there is more to the +filesystem than just the directory structure.</p> + +<p>Linux is a multiuser operating system. Every aspect of the system is multiuser, even +the filesystem. The system stores information like who owns a file and who can read it. +There are other unique parts about the filesystems, such as links and NFS mounts. This +section explains these, as well as the multiuser aspects of the filesystem.</p> + +<div class="SECT1"> +<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-OWNERSHIP" +name="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-OWNERSHIP">9.1 Ownership</a></h1> + +<p>The filesystem stores ownership information for each file and directory on the system. +This includes what user and group own a particular file. The easiest way to see this +information is with the <tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt> command:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ls -l /usr/bin/wc</kbd> +-rwxr-xr-x 1 root bin 7368 Jul 30 1999 /usr/bin/wc +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>We are interested in the third and fourth columns. These contain the username and +group name that owns this file. We see that the user “<tt +class="USERNAME">root</tt>” and the group “<tt +class="USERNAME">bin</tt>” own this file.</p> + +<p>We can easily change the file owners with the <tt class="COMMAND">chown</tt>(1) (which +means “change owner”) and <tt class="COMMAND">chgrp</tt>(1) (which means +“change group”) commands. To change the file owner to <tt +class="USERNAME">daemon</tt>, we would use <tt class="COMMAND">chown</tt>:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chown daemon /usr/bin/wc</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>To change the group owner to “<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>”, we would +use <tt class="COMMAND">chgrp</tt>:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chgrp root /usr/bin/wc</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>We can also use <tt class="COMMAND">chown</tt> to specify the user and group owners +for a file:</p> + +<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td> +<pre class="SCREEN"> +<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chown daemon:root /usr/bin/wc</kbd> +</pre> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>In the above example, the user could have used a period instead of a colon. The result +would have been the same; however, the colon is considered better form. Use of the period +is deprecated and may be removed from future versions of <tt class="COMMAND">chown</tt> +to allow usernames with periods in them. These usernames tend to be very popular with +Windows Exchange Servers and are encountered most commonly in email addresses such as: +<var class="LITERAL">mr.jones@example.com</var>. In slackware, administrators are advised +to stay away from such usernames because some scripts still use the period to indicate +the user and group of a file or directory. In our example, <tt class="COMMAND">chmod</tt> +would interpret <var class="LITERAL">mr.jones</var> as user “mr” and group +“jones”.</p> + +<p>File ownership is a very important part of using a Linux system, even if you are the +only user. You sometimes need to fix ownerships on files and device nodes.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<div class="NAVFOOTER"> +<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /> +<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" +cellspacing="0"> +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="shell-vt.html" +accesskey="P">Prev</a></td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html" +accesskey="H">Home</a></td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a +href="filesystem-structure-permissions.html" accesskey="N">Next</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Virtual Terminals</td> +<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"> </td> +<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Permissions</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +</body> +</html> + |